When Clayton Patterson arrived in New York from western Canada, in the late 1970’s, the Big Apple had, like the fabled bums who used to populate a Bowery that now hosts luxury condominiums, hit bottom. The Bronx was ablaze or already reduced to rubble, and large swatches of the Lower East Side were a no man’s land, its immigrant housing stock abandoned to decrepitude, or torched by insurance hungry landlords, its streets given over to drugs and thugs. Mindless violence, street crime as well as white-collar municipal corruption, was rampant. People lived behind the much spoofed multiple locked door, blinking through peepholes at suspected predators. Windows, at any height, were barred to keep the ever-persistent junkie burglar trapped in the prison of the streets. A thriving “security” business developed around a bizarre contraption that consisted of a giant crowbar wedged on an angle between two specially designed steel plates, one end attached to the inside of your door, the other end to an iron groove installed in your floor. And as if to symbolize a city spasticating out of control, buses, buildings, tunnels, even the streets, and almost every inch of the subway system, was festooned with giddy, grotesque spray paint graffiti, mysteriously “tagged” in the dead of night by the dispossessed, the disillusioned, the ignored and the scorned parishioners of the Church of Krylon.
Paradoxically, this mad, drugged, insomniac city proved a perfect artistic environment, in a strange way, almost a kind of perverted paradise, for Clayton Patterson. His iconoclastic personality, fringe friendly temperament, anarchistic tendencies, and outlaw ethos allowed him to find beauty in squalor, and seize opportunities, both practical and aesthetic, all but invisible to the majority of the beleaguered natives.
Patterson grew up in Calgary, in western Canada, where he inherited a pioneer ethos of individualism from his father, who had migrated from Saskatewan to Alberta in the 1940’s, when western Canada was still very much a frontier; he came in a covered wagon, moving a herd of wild horses with a Native American friend. His father was a man of high moral rectitude: “a real disciplinarian type, he also became extremely religious, only fundamentalist Christian. I never saw my father do anything that would be immoral or wrong.”
Poor but industrious, Patterson absorbed the values of his father and the frontier: independence, self-reliance, practicality, loyalty, compassion for outcasts, the downtrodden and the misunderstood, along with a strong contrarian streak.
At an early age, as he began to observe moral and social hypocrisy at church and in school, he became acutely aware of a disconnect between the way things were presented by the powers that be, and the way things actually are: “With the church and with the school, you had these authorities telling you things, but they’re leading a contradictory life. And so I always used to see that contradiction, and I always had problems in dealing with that.”
Patterson’s prairie upbringing also imbued him with a low tolerance for bullshit, liars, corporate phonies, thieves, pomposity, and oppression, not to mention fascists and fools, propensities that have periodically brought trouble his way. He gravitated to the arts, although he discovered, during his education in 1968 at Calgary’s Alberta College of Art, that he didn’t much care for artists, at least socially: “I’m not part of these people, I’m just not an art type,” although he did meet Elsa Rensaa, who in 1972 became his longtime companion and artistic partner. “That was one good thing that came out of art school,” he laughs. “The rest was bullshit.”
Switching to education, he attained a degree and taught high school; in 1976 he and Elsa attended the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in Halifax, where they learned printmaking, a trade that jibed with Patterson’s working class orientation towards art and the world.
After a trip to New York, in the late seventies, Clayton and Elsa decided to move the city, find work as printmakers, and pursue their artistic endeavors. Almost immediately, from the flotsam and jetsam of the streets, Patterson began making sculpture: weird, brightly painted totemic objects and ziggurat shaped icons fashioned from street debris, to which he attached broken furniture, shards of mirrors, scraps of metal, abandoned toys, plastic figures of cowboys, angels, Indians, soldiers; painted or mutilated dolls, ticket stubs, condoms, disco balls, nails, crutches, a mouth guard; hypodermic needles (from the junkie souk that was the LES at that time); all the discarded so-called crap and forlorn refuge of the shattered urban landscape. “They’re like shrines, to underneath society, rather then on top of society. They have all of these religious elements that people worship: the singing cowboy, the angels, the dharma; and that’s part of the Bowery in that time as well, because you have the soup kitchens, people talking about God. And the mouth guard, that is, teeth I did a lot of things with teeth and decay. Teeth are like porcelain perfection and then they rot and decay; sort of like the decaying society, which was also a big part of this. The breakdown of the social system: that’s what the Bowery represents, especially from 79 to 83, when New York hit bottom.”
Patterson’s work attracted attention in Soho, then the city’s artistic epicenter; he had a one-man show and his pieces wound up in several important collections.
However, Soho represented to Patterson the same sort of hypocritical, snobbish milieu he had experienced growing up in the church and in art school:
“Soho was exactly like the art school in a sense. In order to make it in Soho at that time you had to be a real party person, you had to go to Mr. Chow’s for lunch, you had to be sniffing coke and doing dope, and you had to be sort of socially cool, and in that world I was totally contrarian, I couldn’t take it, It was just like art school. Just like church, pretentious, arrogant people living contrary lifestyles. They talked about living as an artist, but it was really about social status and a form of snobbery, and it was all business, it wasn’t about art; it had become all about money and glory and accoutrements: how you dressed, your $125 running shoes your two thousand dollar gold chain; you go to the Odeon at night, you’re drinking champagne, And I saw that and I thought, no this is not for me.”
Patterson also cites aesthetic, and in a deeper sense political, differences with the Soho art scene. “The art world had totally separated itself from humanity and mankind. Jackson Pollack’s drip paintings, let’s say, starting with that. How can you ever go into any environment, whether it be middle class or working class or even upper class, really, if somebody isn’t involved in the art world, and expect them to look at that picture, and understand anything about it unless they’ve been taught what those aesthetics are? So then you’re making art that is so elite in a sense that it doesn’t relate to anybody within society. That’s what the art world became.
So I dropped out of that whole world. We moved over here in 1983, closed the door, went underground, and remained underground up until now.”
“Over here” was a storefront on Essex Street, just below Houston on the border of the almost morbid East Village and the more commercial Lower East Side, still a shopper’s paradise filled with fabric stores and discount clothing shops. Leaving the insular, hermetically sealed, self-reflective Soho art scene, Patterson and Rensaa began to cultivate a more socially conscious philosophy of art, one that put less energy into the creation of objects for art galleries and museums, and more into the documentation of community life, the exposure of the flux and flow of power and class, and inevitably, social activism.
“The Lower East Side was the perfect environment for me. It was all outsiders, and there was a whole reality here that wasn’t based on status, wasn’t based on how you dressed or who you were; it was do it yourself, if you could find a niche to survive in that was fine, nobody cared. You could sleep in the nude of the window if you liked, it really didn’t matter.”
In 1986, he became president of the New York Tattoo Society, (In doing so he helped change the aesthetic sensibility of a generation, one that now considers tattoos and piercings a rite of passage.) and over the years organized major body art exhibitions, including several shows by the famed tattoo artist Spider Webb, Tom Paul Devita, and photographer Charles Gatewood. In 1997, he became involved in a complicated struggle to legalize tattoo parlors in New York, which had been banned since 1961 by an obscure health regulation Patterson considered a veiled prohibition against non-conformity and an artists right to earn a living. By 1998 Patterson’s persistence had paid off: after working with City Councilwoman Katherine Freed, and tattoo shop owner Wes Wood, the NYC City Council lifted the ban on tattoo parlors in the city of New York. Now they flourish throughout the east village and the LES. Shortly thereafter Clayton, along with tattoo aficionados Steve Bonge and Butch Garcia, help organize the NYC International Tattoo Convention, a massive gathering of body artists from around the world which meets yearly at the famed Roseland Ballroom in Times Square. In 1995, and through 2002, he helped mount Wildstyle, a major show that brought American tattoo and sideshow talent to Europe.
Clayton’s own contribution to NYC fashion are the trademark black baseball caps he and Elsa have produced, embroidered with skull symbols and other outré imagery, which have shown up in GQ magazine and on the heads of movie stars and hipsters. “It was a business, it was independent, and it was something Elsa and I could do ourselves. Since I didn’t have any way to take my art and put it out into the world, I would take my drawings and Elsa would embroider them and I would put them on the caps.” He also collected neighborhood artifacts and street detritus, such as his fascinating and invaluable collection of nearly 2,000 heroin bags, labeled with names and logos, outlaw trademarks identifying and distinguishing the product inside.
Around the same time, Patterson and Rensaa began obsessively documenting the local populace, creating a “Hall of Fame” in his Essex Street window with his telling photo portraits of neighborhood kids, street people, Hassids, drag queens, long time locals, junkies and drug dealers, who all considered it a badge of honor to be temporarily immortalized in Clayton’s window.
The converted warehouse at 161 Essex eventually became a gallery The Clayton Gallery and Outlaw Art Museum which over the years has exhibited an eclectic mix of fringe art, graffiti, Sicilian caps, street fashion, photographs and artwork by figures like Charles Gatewood, Taylor Mead, Quentin Crisp, Elsa Rensaa, Boris Lurie, Spider Webb, Manwoman, and Baba Raul Canizares, Cochise President to the Satan Sinner Nomads; all highly significant artists for the most part neglected by mainstream galleries and the gatekeepers of art criticism.
Moreover, and perhaps most significantly, Patterson has been a ubiquitous observer and participant in the tumultuous social and cultural changes the LES has seen over the part 20 years, beginning in the 1986, when he began shooting handheld videotape of neighborhood happenings. Since then he, and Elsa, have videotaped and photographed innumerable film and art openings, street fairs, events, parties, political meetings, demolitions, demonstrations, riots, drug buys, busts, fights and sundry bizarre street phenomena, creating an archive of some 750,000 photographs and 4,000 hours of videotape that is probably the definitive documentary history of the period.
Perhaps Patterson’s most notorious “artwork” is the famous three hour and thirty three minute videotape he made on August 6 and 7 1988, of a police riot in Thompkins Square Park, footage of which has been seen, but not always credited, on CNN, ABC, NBC, CBS, and PBS. The riot, sparked by plans to impose a curfew designed to rid the park of drug dealers, street people and the homeless, marked a turning point in the history of the NYPD, and in the history of the East Village and the Lower East Side. The tape proved instrumental in changing the structure of the NYPD. “It showed people that the NYPD at that time was very corrupt, had major problems, and the hierarchy was not in control, and that it was an anarchist organization; and my tape proved that. And that was perfect for me, because to look at the whole justice world, where’s there is this concept that the police are the protectors of the law, the dispensers of justice, that they represent morality and ethics; well, it was just like being back at the church and art school. There’s a total contradiction there, and that’s what I saw with that tape: these guys were out of control, they’re beating people up arbitrarily, they beating them down, they leave them on the streets. It was contrary to everything you had been taught that law and order was all about.”
The tape, and the 17 years of court cases and controversy that followed, began a decade long period of neighborhood activism in which Patterson, a critic of unthinking and relentless gentrification, waged innumerable struggles with and on behalf of working class people against corrupt politicians, bribed community boards and wealthy real estate interests seeking to turn the LES into an urban mall of luxury condominiums, hotels, faux French bistros, Duane Reids, chain clothing stores and Starbucks. He has campaigned to stop squatter evictions, and save community gardens, as well as historic East Village buildings, such as Charas Community Center on 9th Street, and most recently, St, Brigid’s, a Roman Catholic Church built on Avenue A, from outright demolition, or conversion to the Almighty God of Luxury Housing. “You know, we go after the Taliban for blowing up those Buddhas in Afghanistan; they’re thousands of years old as a culture. We’re much younger, and for this neighborhood that church, built in 1848, is a monument to that time, and they want to tear it down. It should be a landmark, but they’re tearing it down. And that church represents the Irish Catholics that came out of the famine, and so once again there’s a contradiction between what’s supposed to be right and what is right.”
But throughout the photography, the documentation, the court cases and the controversy, Patterson has continuously made art, art that now fills up his warehouse gallery/home/headquarters on Essex Street. “I started off with these really large sculptures and eventually they got smaller and smaller and smaller, until I was making little boxes, and after a while I had so many of these little boxes, that I couldn’t deal with the little boxes anymore. And then I got into taking these photographs, which were 4 x 5, and after years I ended up with boxes and boxes of those. And then I got into collage; I made a lot of collage for a while, and made a lot of watercolors. And books. I always look at art as life and life is art, and everything I do is art. I look at it as a continuum in everything I do.”
For Patterson, life, as lived in the streets of New York, and art, as practiced in the studio, are not separate pursuits. Be it sculpture or video, painting or photography, like a city and its people, they are one and the same.